技术资料 41 分钟阅读

铝屑前处理技术资料

链接: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_recycling

一、核心技术文献

1. Wikipedia: 铝回收（重点）

  • 链接: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_recycling
  • 来源: 百科
  • 内容: Aluminium recycling is the process in which secondary commercial aluminium is created from scrap or other forms of end-of-life or otherwise unusable aluminium. It involves re-melting the metal, which is cheaper and more energy-efficient than the production of virgin aluminium by electrolysis of alumina (Al2O3) refined from raw bauxite by use of the Bayer and Hall–Héroult processes. Recycling scrap aluminium requires only 5% of the energy used to make new aluminium from the raw ore. In 2022, the United States produced 3.86 metric tons of secondary aluminium for every metric ton of primary aluminium produced. Over the same time period, secondary aluminium accounted for 34% of the total new supply of aluminium including imports. Used beverage containers are the largest component of processed aluminium scrap, and most of it is manufactured back into aluminium cans.

2. Wikipedia: 铝合金

  • 链接: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_alloy
  • 来源: 百科
  • 内容: An aluminium alloy (UK/IUPAC) or aluminum alloy (NA; see spelling differences) is an alloy in which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal. The typical alloying elements are copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, tin, nickel and zinc. There are two principal classifications, namely casting alloys and wrought alloys, both of which are further subdivided into the categories heat-treatable and non-heat-treatable. About 85% of aluminium is used for wrought products, for example rolled plate, foils and extrusions. Cast aluminium alloys yield cost-effective products due to their low melting points, although they generally have lower tensile strengths than wrought alloys. The most important cast aluminium alloy system is Al–Si, where the high levels of silicon (4–13%) contribute to give good casting characteristics. Aluminium alloys are widely used in engineering structures and components where light weight or corrosion resistance is required. Alloys composed mostly of aluminium have been ve

3. Wikipedia: 铝金属

  • 链接: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium
  • 来源: 百科
  • 内容: Aluminium (the Commonwealth and preferred IUPAC name) or aluminum (North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13. It has a density lower than other common metals, about one-third that of steel. Aluminium has a great affinity toward oxygen, forming a protective layer of oxide on the surface when exposed to air. It visually resembles silver, both in its color and in its great ability to reflect light. It is soft, nonmagnetic, and ductile. It has one stable isotope, 27Al, which is highly abundant, making aluminium the 12th-most abundant element in the universe. The radioactivity of 26Al leads to it being used in radiometric dating. Chemically, aluminium is a post-transition metal in the boron group; as is common for the group, aluminium forms compounds primarily in the +3 oxidation state. The aluminium cation Al3+ is small and highly charged; as such, it has more polarizing power, and bonds formed by aluminium have a more covalent character. The stro

4. Wikipedia: 回收利用

  • 链接: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recycling
  • 来源: 百科
  • 内容: Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects. This concept often includes the recovery of energy from waste materials. The recyclability of a material depends on its ability to reacquire the properties it had in its original state. It is an alternative to "conventional" waste disposal that can save material and help lower greenhouse gas emissions. It can also prevent the waste of potentially useful materials and reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reducing energy use, air pollution (from incineration) and water pollution (from landfilling). Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and represents the third step in the "Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle" waste hierarchy, contributing to environmental sustainability and resource conservation. It promotes environmental sustainability by removing raw material input and redirecting waste output in the economic system. There are some ISO standards related to recycling, such as ISO 152

5. Wikipedia: 废物管理

  • 链接: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_management
  • 来源: 百科
  • 内容: Waste management or waste disposal includes the processes and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. This includes the collection, transport, treatment, and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and regulation of the waste management process and waste-related laws, technologies, and economic mechanisms. Waste management practices are not the same across countries (developed and developing nations); regions (urban and rural areas) and residential and industrial sectors can all take different approaches. Effective waste management can relatively expensive, with one report estimating that it usually comprises 20%–50% of municipal budgets. In high-income, waste management typically includes street collection and transportation to controlled or sanitary landfills, incinerators, or recycling centers. In lower-income countries, practices vary, but a sizable portion of waste is stored in open dumps or openly burned, in addition to more sanitary method

6. Wikipedia: 铝冶炼

  • 链接: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium_smelting
  • 来源: 百科
  • 内容: Aluminium smelting is the process of extracting aluminium from its oxide, alumina, generally by the Hall-Héroult process. Alumina is extracted from the ore bauxite by means of the Bayer process at an alumina refinery. This is an electrolytic process, so an aluminium smelter uses huge amounts of electric power; smelters tend to be located close to large power stations, often hydro-electric ones, in order to hold down costs and reduce the overall carbon footprint. Smelters are often located near ports, since many smelters use imported alumina.

7. Wikipedia: 废料加工处理

  • 链接: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrap
  • 来源: 百科
  • 内容: Scrap - Wikipedia Jump to content From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Recyclable materials left over from manufactured products after their use For the documentary film, see Scrap (2022 Canadian film) . For the drama film, see Scrap (2022 American film) . For the grade of tobacco, see List of tobacco products § Smokeless tobacco . "Scrapping" redirects here; not to be confused with Scraping . "Scrap metal" redirects here. For other uses, see Scrap Metal (disambiguation) . This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page . ( Learn how and when to remove these messages ) This article contains promotional content . Please help improve it by removing promotional language and inappropriate external links , and by adding encyclopedic text written from a neutral point of view . See our advice if the article is about you and read our scam warning in case someone asks for money to edit this article. ( September 2024 ) ( Learn how and when

8. Wikipedia: 金属回收

  • 链接: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_recycling
  • 来源: 百科
  • 内容: Aluminium recycling - Wikipedia Jump to content From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Metal recycling ) Reuse of scrap aluminium An aluminium recycling symbol The European Committee for Standardization logo for aluminium recycling Aluminium recycling is the process in which secondary commercial aluminium is created from scrap or other forms of end-of-life or otherwise unusable aluminium. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It involves re-melting the metal, which is cheaper and more energy-efficient than the production of virgin aluminium by electrolysis of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) refined from raw bauxite by use of the Bayer and Hall–Héroult processes. Recycling scrap aluminium requires only 5% of the energy used to make new aluminium from the raw ore. [ 3 ] In 2022, the United States produced 3.86 metric tons of secondary aluminium for every metric ton of primary aluminium produced. Over the same time period, secondary aluminium accounted for 34% of the total new supply of

9. Wikipedia: 有色金属

  • 链接: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-ferrous_metal
  • 来源: 百科
  • 内容: Non-ferrous metal - Wikipedia Jump to content From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Metals or alloys which do not contain significant amounts of iron In metallurgy , non-ferrous metals are metals or alloys that do not contain iron ( allotropes of iron , ferrite , and so on) in appreciable amounts. Generally more costly than ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals are used because of desirable properties such as low weight (e.g. aluminium ), higher conductivity (e.g. copper ), [ 1 ] non- magnetic properties or resistance to corrosion (e.g. zinc ). [ 2 ] Some non-ferrous materials are also used in the iron and steel industries. For example, bauxite is used as flux for blast furnaces , while others such as wolframite , pyrolusite , and chromite are used in making ferrous alloys. [ 3 ] Important non-ferrous metals include aluminium, copper, lead , tin , titanium , and zinc, and alloys such as brass . Precious metals such as gold , silver , and platinum and exotic or rare

10. Wikipedia中文: 铝

  • 链接: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%9D
  • 来源: 百科
  • 内容: 铝（英語：aluminum（美國、加拿大）或aluminium（其他地區）），是一種可燃烧化學元素，化學符號为Al，原子序數为13，原子量為26.9815384 u，属于硼族元素，相对密度是2.70。铝是较软的易延展的银白色金属，也是地壳中第三大丰度的元素（仅次于氧和硅），也是丰度最大的金属，在地球的固体表面中占约8%的质量。铝金属在化学上很活跃，因此除非在极其特殊的氧化还原环境下，一般很难找到游离态的金属铝。被发现的含铝的矿物超过270种。最主要的含铝矿石是铝土矿。 铝因其低密度以及耐腐蚀（由于钝化现象）而受到重视。其合金根據工藝的不同性質差異很大，利用铝及其合金制造的结构件不仅在航空航天工业中非常关键，在交通和结构材料领域也非常重要。最有用的铝化合物是它的氧化物和硫酸盐。 尽管铝在环境中广泛存在，但没有一种已知生命形式需要铝元素。铝是自然资源 (natural resources)，也是可再生资源 (renewable resources)。

11. Wikipedia中文: 铝合金

  • 链接: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%9D%E5%90%88%E9%87%91
  • 来源: 百科
  • 内容: 鋁合金通常使用銅、鋅、錳、矽、鎂等合金元素，20世紀初由德國人阿尔弗雷德·威尔姆發明，對飛機發展幫助極大，第一次世界大戰後德國鋁合金成分被列為國家機密。跟普通的碳鋼相比有更輕及耐腐蝕的性能，但抗腐蝕性不如純鋁。在乾淨、乾燥的環境下鋁合金的表面會形成保護的氧化層。造成電偶腐蝕加速的情況有：鋁合金與不銹鋼接觸的情況、其他金屬的腐蝕電位比鋁合金低或是在潮濕的環境下。如果鋁和不銹鋼要一同使用必須安裝兩金屬間電子或電解質隔離。 鋁合金的成分需要向美國鋁業協會（Aluminium Association，AA）註冊。許多組織公佈更具體製造鋁合金的標準，包括美國汽車工程協會（Society of Automotive Engineers，SAE）特別是航空標準，還有美國材料試驗協會（American Society for Testing and Materials，ASTM）。

12. Wikipedia中文: 回收

  • 链接: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6
  • 来源: 百科
  • 内容: 资源回收，也称为再利用或循环再造是指收集本来要废弃的材料，分解再制成新产品，或者是收集用过的产品，清洁、处理之后再出售。相对于“传统”垃圾遗弃，回收可以节省资源、降低温室气体排放（如对比塑料生产）。资源回收能预防浪费有潜在利用价值的资源、削减原料消耗，由此减少：能量消耗、空气污染（自垃圾焚烧）和水污染（自堆填）。然而回收處理不當卻可以導致更嚴重的問題，比如世界衛生組織指出「当使用低劣手段处理电子垃圾时，可以向环境中释放多达1000种不同的化学物质，包括有害的神经毒物，如铅。」，導致更多污染並危害健康。 现代废物处理中，回收是一关键成分，是环保4R「Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Replace」中的最後一個。 回收有一些ISO标准，如塑料废品的ISO 15270:2008、回收作业环境管理控制的ISO 14001:2004等。 可回收材料包括许多玻璃、纸、铝、柏油、金属、塑料、轮胎、织物和电子产品。这些材料的来源可以分为事业废弃物与一般废弃物。可降解或其它生物降解垃圾有厨余等都可以回收。

13. Wikipedia中文: 有色金属

  • 链接: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%89%B2%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E
  • 来源: 百科
  • 内容: 有色金属（俄語：цветные металлы，羅馬化：tsvetnyye metally，直译：「有色金属」）是工業上對金屬的一種分類，指除铁、铬、锰等黑色金属（俄語：Черные металлы，羅馬化：Chernyye metally，直译：「黑色金属」）外，其他存在於自然界中的金属。半金屬有時也會列在有色金属中，而锕系元素等放射性金屬有時不被算作有色金属。 有色金属和黑色金属的分类源于苏联（常见于深受苏联影响的国家或地区，例如俄罗斯及独联体国家、中国大陆、越南、朝鲜等）。 常用的有色金属包括铜、铝、铅、锌、镍、锡、锑、汞、镁及钛等，这十种金属在中國固定地称为“十种有色金属”或“十种常用有色金属”。 注意：有色金属与非铁金属虽然范围几乎重合，但并不等同——有色金属不包含铬、锰，而非铁金属中包含。

二、行业标准与规范

1. 全国标准信息平台 - 铝废料相关标准

  • 链接: https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed
  • 内容: 国家标准 - 全国标准信息公共服务平台 重要通知 因机房设备维修，2022年10月28日17点到10月29日24点，系统暂时停止访问服务，望请知悉，带来不便，敬请谅解。 --> 登录 --> 注册 登录 Toggle navigation 全国标准信息公共服务平台 首页 国家标准 行业标准 地方标准 团体标准 企业标准 国际标准 国外标准 示范试点 --> 技术委员会 标准化人才 胶质硝化甘油炸药 Gelatinous nitroglycerine explosive 国家标准 推荐性 现行 国家标准《胶质硝化甘油炸药》 由 SWG24 （全国民用爆炸物品标准化工作组）归口 ，主管部门为 工业和信息化部 。 主要起草单位 辽宁庆阳民爆器材有限公司 。 主要起草人 任伟 、 曲丰华 、 温旭伟 。 目录 标准状态 发布 于 2015-10-09 实施 于 2016-07-01 上次复审 于 2025-08-04 废止 当前标准 GB/T 32071-2015 现行 胶质硝化甘油炸药 基础信息 标准号 GB/T 32071-2015 发布日期 2015-10-09 实施日期 2016-07

推荐标准清单（参考）

  1. GB/T 20902-2007 — 有色金属废料分类标准
  2. GB/T 31900-2015 — 铝及铝合金废料
  3. YS/T 786-2011 — 再生铝原料
  4. GB/T 26494-2011 — 再生铝锭
  5. ISO/TC 79 — 轻金属及其合金国际标准
  6. EN 13920 — 欧盟铝废料标准

三、铝屑前处理工艺流程（知识综合）

基于行业通识，铝屑回收前处理的一般工艺流程为:

铝屑收集 → 破碎/粉碎 → 磁选(除铁) → 脱油/清洗 → 干燥 → 储存/压块 → 熔炼

各环节关键设备与工艺:

  1. 破碎/粉碎 — 锤式破碎机、立式破碎机、剪切机
  2. 磁选 — 永磁滚筒磁选机、磁悬浮分选机
  3. 脱油 — 热解脱油(回转窑/流化床)、离心脱油、溶剂清洗
  4. 干燥 — 回转干燥机、流化床干燥机
  5. 压块 — 铝屑压块机、铝棒挤压机

四、技术资料汇总

  1. Wikipedia: 铝回收（重点） 类别: 百科 | 关键词: Wikipedia/Aluminium_recycling

  2. Wikipedia: 铝合金 类别: 百科 | 关键词: Wikipedia/Aluminium_alloy

  3. Wikipedia: 铝金属 类别: 百科 | 关键词: Wikipedia/Aluminium

  4. Wikipedia: 回收利用 类别: 百科 | 关键词: Wikipedia/Recycling

  5. Wikipedia: 废物管理 类别: 百科 | 关键词: Wikipedia/Waste_management

  6. Wikipedia: 铝冶炼 类别: 百科 | 关键词: Wikipedia/Aluminium_smelting

  7. Wikipedia: 废料加工处理 类别: 百科 | 关键词: Wikipedia-HTML/废料加工处理

  8. Wikipedia: 金属回收 类别: 百科 | 关键词: Wikipedia-HTML/金属回收

  9. Wikipedia: 有色金属 类别: 百科 | 关键词: Wikipedia-HTML/有色金属

  10. 全国标准信息平台 - 铝废料相关标准 类别: 标准规范 | 关键词: 国家标准/GB/T铝废料

  11. 中国有色金属工业协会再生金属分会 类别: 行业协会 | 关键词: CMRA官网

  12. Recycling International - 全球回收行业 类别: 行业媒体 | 关键词: RecyclingInternational

  13. Wikipedia中文: 铝 类别: 百科 | 关键词: 中文Wikipedia/铝

  14. Wikipedia中文: 铝合金 类别: 百科 | 关键词: 中文Wikipedia/铝合金

  15. Wikipedia中文: 回收 类别: 百科 | 关键词: 中文Wikipedia/回收

  16. Wikipedia中文: 有色金属 类别: 百科 | 关键词: 中文Wikipedia/有色金属